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Google Native Client

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Google NaCl" redirects here. For Networking and Cryptography library, see <a href="NaCl_(software)" title="NaCl (software)">NaCl (software)</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">Google Native Client</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Google" title="Google">Google</a>, others</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">16 September 2011 (2011-09-16)<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">SDK: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.chrome.com/native-client/sdk/release-notes">Pepper 45</a> / 10 July 2015 (2015-07-10)

Clients: Same as <a href="Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Google Chrome</a>

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</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">

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</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chromium.googlesource.com/native_client/src/native_client.git">chromium.googlesource.com/native_client/src/native_client.git</a> </li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>, <a href="C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a>, <a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, <a href="MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>, <a href="ChromeOS" title="ChromeOS">ChromeOS</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="X86" title="X86">x86</a>, <a href="ARM_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="ARM architecture">ARM</a>, <a href="MIPS_architecture" title="MIPS architecture">MIPS</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Sandbox_(computer_security)" title="Sandbox (computer security)">Sandbox</a> in web browsers for native code</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="BSD_licenses" title="BSD licenses">New BSD</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.chrome.com/docs/native-client/">developer.chrome.com/docs/native-client/</a> </td></tr></tbody></table>

Google Native Client (NaCl) is a discontinued <a href="Sandbox_(computer_security)" title="Sandbox (computer security)">sandboxing</a> technology for running either a subset of Intel <a href="X86" title="X86">x86</a>, <a href="ARM_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="ARM architecture">ARM</a>, or <a href="MIPS_architecture" title="MIPS architecture">MIPS</a> native code, or a portable executable, in a sandbox. It allows safely running <a href="Native_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Native code">native code</a> from a <a href="Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browser</a>, independent of the user <a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a>, allowing <a href="Web_app" class="mw-redirect" title="Web app">web apps</a> to run at near-native speeds, which aligns with Google's plans for <a href="ChromeOS" title="ChromeOS">ChromeOS</a>. It may also be used for securing browser <a href="Plug-in_(computing)" title="Plug-in (computing)">plugins</a>, and parts of other applications or full applications<a href="#cite_note-Register-2">[2]</a> such as <a href="ZeroVM" title="ZeroVM">ZeroVM</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ZeroVM-3">[3]</a>

Google first demonstrated the technology on 9 December 2011 by releasing several new Chrome-only versions of <a href="Videogame" class="mw-redirect" title="Videogame">games</a> known for their rich and <a href="Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">processor</a>-intensive <a href="Computer_graphics" title="Computer graphics">graphics</a>, including <a href="Bastion_(video_game)" title="Bastion (video game)">Bastion</a> (no longer supported on the <a href="Chrome_Web_Store" title="Chrome Web Store">Chrome Web Store</a>). Later Google released Portable Native Client (PNaCl), an architecture-independent <a href="Ahead-of-time_compilation" title="Ahead-of-time compilation">compiled ahead-of-time</a> version of NaCl. The general concept of NaCl (running native code in web browser) has been implemented before in <a href="ActiveX" title="ActiveX">ActiveX</a>, but NaCl runs content in a sandbox while ActiveX application has full access to the system (disk, memory, user-interface, registry, etc.).

Mozilla proposed <a href="Asm.js" title="Asm.js">asm.js</a> as an alternative to both ActiveX and NaCl. asm.js also allows applications written in <a href="C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a> or <a href="C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a> to be compiled to run in the browser and also supports ahead-of-time compilation, but is a subset of JavaScript and hence backwards-compatible with browsers that do not support it directly.

On 12 October 2016, a comment on the Chromium issue tracker indicated that Google's Pepper and Native Client teams had been destaffed.<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a> On 30 May 2017, Google announced deprecation of PNaCl in favor of <a href="WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-5">[5]</a> Although initially Google planned to remove PNaCl in first quarter of 2018,<a href="#cite_note-:0-5">[5]</a> developers postponed the date multiple times until June 2022.<a href="#cite_note-:2-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-7">[7]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2></div>

Native Client was an <a href="Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source</a> project developed by <a href="Google" title="Google">Google</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Games such as <a href="Quake_(video_game)" title="Quake (video game)">Quake</a>,<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> <a href="XaoS" title="XaoS">XaoS</a>, <a href="Battle_for_Wesnoth" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle for Wesnoth">Battle for Wesnoth</a>,<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> <a href="Doom_(1993_video_game)" title="Doom (1993 video game)">Doom</a>,<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> <a href="Lara_Croft_and_the_Guardian_of_Light" title="Lara Croft and the Guardian of Light">Lara Croft and the Guardian of Light</a>,<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> <a href="From_Dust" title="From Dust">From Dust</a>,<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> and <a href="MAME" title="MAME">MAME</a>, as well as the sound processing system <a href="Csound" title="Csound">Csound</a>, have been ported to Native Client. Native Client has been available in the <a href="Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Google Chrome</a> web browser since version 14, and has been enabled by default since version 31, when the Portable Native Client (PNaCl, pronounced: pinnacle) was released.<a href="#cite_note-announcement-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Native Client has also been used to safely run downloaded code in software other than web browsers, like in the Dæmon game engine.<a href="#cite_note-naclInGameEngine-17">[17]</a>

An <a href="ARM_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="ARM architecture">ARM</a> implementation was released in March 2010.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> <a href="X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a>, <a href="IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a>, and <a href="MIPS_architecture" title="MIPS architecture">MIPS</a> were also supported.

To run an application portably under PNaCl, it must be compiled to an architecture-agnostic and stable subset of the <a href="LLVM" title="LLVM">LLVM</a> <a href="Intermediate_representation" title="Intermediate representation">intermediate representation</a> <a href="Bytecode" title="Bytecode">bytecode</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> The executables are called PNaCl executables (pexes). The PNaCl Toolchain makes .pexe files; NaCl Toolchain .nexe files. The <a href="File_format#Magic_number" title="File format">magic number</a> of .nexe files is 0x7F 'E' 'L' 'F', which is <a href="Executable_and_Linkable_Format" title="Executable and Linkable Format">ELF</a>. In Chrome, they are translated to architecture-specific executables so that they can be run.

NaCl uses software <a href="Fault_detection_and_isolation" title="Fault detection and isolation">fault detection and isolation</a> for sandboxing on x86-64 and ARM.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> The x86-32 implementation of Native Client is notable for its novel sandboxing method, which makes use of the x86 architecture's rarely used <a href="X86_memory_segmentation" title="X86 memory segmentation">segmentation facility</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nacl_paper-21">[21]</a> Native Client sets up x86 segments to restrict the memory range that the sandboxed code can access. It uses a code verifier to prevent use of unsafe instructions such as those that perform system calls. To prevent the code from jumping to an unsafe instruction hidden in the middle of a safe instruction, Native Client requires that all indirect jumps be jumps to the start of 32-byte-aligned blocks, and instructions are not allowed to straddle these blocks.<a href="#cite_note-nacl_paper-21">[21]</a> Because of these constraints, C and C++ code must be recompiled to run under Native Client, which provides customized versions of the <a href="GNU_toolchain" title="GNU toolchain">GNU toolchain</a>, specifically <a href="GNU_Compiler_Collection" title="GNU Compiler Collection">GNU Compiler Collection</a> (GCC), <a href="GNU_Binutils" title="GNU Binutils">GNU Binutils</a>, and <a href="LLVM" title="LLVM">LLVM</a>.

Native Client is licensed under a <a href="BSD_licenses" title="BSD licenses">BSD-style license</a>.

Native Client uses <a href="Newlib" title="Newlib">Newlib</a> as its <a href="C_standard_library" title="C standard library">C library</a>, but a port of <a href="GNU_C_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="GNU C Library">GNU C Library</a> (GNU libc) is also available.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

On 9 December 2011, Google demonstrated the readiness of the technology by announcing availability of several new Chrome-only versions of <a href="Videogame" class="mw-redirect" title="Videogame">games</a> known for their rich and <a href="Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">processor</a>-intensive <a href="Computer_graphics" title="Computer graphics">graphics</a>, including <a href="Bastion_(video_game)" title="Bastion (video game)">Bastion</a> (no longer supported on the <a href="Chrome_Web_Store" title="Chrome Web Store">Chrome Web Store</a>). NaCl runs <a href="Hardware_acceleration_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardware acceleration (computing)">hardware-accelerated</a> 3D graphics (via <a href="OpenGL_ES" title="OpenGL ES">OpenGL ES</a> 2.0), sandboxed local file storage, <a href="Dynamic_loading" title="Dynamic loading">dynamic loading</a>, full screen mode, and <a href="Computer_mouse" title="Computer mouse">mouse</a> capture. There were also plans to make NaCl available on handheld devices.<a href="#cite_note-CNet-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a>

Portable Native Client (PNaCl) is an architecture-independent version. PNaCl apps are <a href="Ahead-of-time_compilation" title="Ahead-of-time compilation">compiled ahead-of-time</a>. PNaCl is recommended over NaCl for most use cases.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> The general concept of NaCl (running native code in web browser) has been implemented before in <a href="ActiveX" title="ActiveX">ActiveX</a>, which, while still in use, has full access to the system (disk, memory, user-interface, registry, etc.). Native Client avoids this issue by using sandboxing.

An alternative by Mozilla was <a href="Asm.js" title="Asm.js">asm.js</a>, which also allows applications written in <a href="C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a> or <a href="C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a> to be compiled to run in the browser and also supports ahead-of-time compilation, but is a subset of JavaScript and hence backwards-compatible with browsers that do not support it directly.

On 12 October 2016, a comment on the Chromium issue tracker indicated that Google's Pepper and Native Client teams had been destaffed.<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a> On 30 May 2017, Google announced deprecation of PNaCl in favor of <a href="WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-5">[5]</a> Although initially Google planned to remove PNaCl in first quarter of 2018,<a href="#cite_note-:0-5">[5]</a> and later in the second quarter of 2019,<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> it has been removed in June 2022 (together with <a href="Google_Chrome_App" title="Google Chrome App">Chrome Apps</a>).<a href="#cite_note-:2-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-7">[7]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pepper">Pepper</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="NPAPI#PPAPI" title="NPAPI">NPAPI § PPAPI</a></div>

NaCl denotes <a href="Sodium_chloride" title="Sodium chloride">sodium chloride</a>, common table <a href="Salt" title="Salt">salt</a>; as a <a href="Pun" title="Pun">pun</a>, the name of <a href="Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">pepper</a> was also used. Pepper API is a cross-platform, open-source API for creating Native Client modules.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Pepper Plugin API, or PPAPI<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> is a cross-platform API for Native Client-secured web browser plugins, first based on Netscape's <a href="NPAPI" title="NPAPI">NPAPI</a>, then rewritten from scratch. It was used in Chromium and <a href="Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Google Chrome</a> to enable the PPAPI version of <a href="Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash">Adobe Flash</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> and the built-in <a href="PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a> viewer.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PPAPI">PPAPI</h3></div>

On 12 August 2009, a page on Google Code introduced a new project, Pepper, and the associated Pepper Plugin API (PPAPI),<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> "a set of modifications to NPAPI to make plugins more portable and more secure".<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> This extension is designed specifically to ease implementing out-of-<a href="Process_(computing)" title="Process (computing)">process</a> plugin execution. Further, the goals of the project are to provide a framework for making plugins fully cross-platform. Topics considered include:

<ul><li>Uniform semantics for NPAPI across browsers.</li>

<li>Execution in a separate process from the renderer-browser.</li>

<li>Standardize rendering using the browser's compositing process.</li>

<li>Defining standardized events, and 2D rasterizing functions.</li>

<li>Initial attempt to provide 3D graphics access.</li>

<li>Plugin registry.</li></ul>

The Pepper API also supports <a href="Gamepad" title="Gamepad">Gamepads</a> (version 19) and <a href="WebSocket" title="WebSocket">WebSockets</a> (version 18).<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a>

As of 13 May 2010, Google's open source browser, <a href="Chromium_(web_browser)" title="Chromium (web browser)">Chromium</a>, was the only web browser to use the new browser plug-in model.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> As of 2020, Pepper is supported by Chrome, Chromium and Blink layout engine-based browsers such as Opera and Microsoft Edge.

In August 2020, Google announced that support for PPAPI would be removed from Google Chrome and Chromium in June 2022.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="PPAPI_in_Firefox">PPAPI in Firefox</h4></div>

<a href="Firefox" title="Firefox">Firefox</a> developers stated in 2014 that they would not support Pepper, as there were no full specification of the API beyond its implementation in Chrome, which itself was designed for use with <a href="Blink_layout_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Blink layout engine">Blink layout engine</a> only, and had private APIs specific to the Flash Player plugin which were not documented.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> In October 2016 Mozilla announced that it had re-considered and was exploring whether to incorporate the Pepper API and PDFium in future releases of Firefox,<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> however no such steps were taken. In July 2017, Adobe deprecated Flash and announced its <a href="End-of-life_product" class="mw-redirect" title="End-of-life product">end-of-life</a> in the end of 2020.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> By January 2021, Adobe Flash Player, Google Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Windows<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> received updates disabling or entirely removing Flash.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2></div>

One website<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> used NaCL on the server to let users experiment with the <a href="Go_programming_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Go programming language">Go programming language</a> from their browsers.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage_outside_of_web_browsers">Usage outside of web browsers</h2></div>

The <a href="Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source</a> <a href="Unvanquished_(video_game)" title="Unvanquished (video game)">Unvanquished</a> game makes use of Native Client in the Dæmon game engine<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> in replacement of the Q3VM (<a href="Quake_III_Arena" title="Quake III Arena">Quake III</a> <a href="Virtual_machine" title="Virtual machine">virtual machine</a>).<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> In such game engine, the Native Client sandbox is used to safely run arbitrary game code (<a href="Video_game_modding" title="Video game modding">mods</a>) downloaded from game servers. Using the Native Client technology makes possible for <a href="Gameplay" title="Gameplay">gameplay</a> developers to use the C++ language for games running in the virtual machine, to use C++ libraries, to share code between the game and the engine and to get better performance than with the Q3VM.<a href="#cite_note-naclInGameEngine-17">[17]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2></div>

Some groups of browser developers supported the Native Client technology while others did not.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Supporters">Supporters</h3></div>

Chad Austin (of <a href="IMVU" title="IMVU">IMVU</a>) praised the way Native Client can bring high-performance applications to the web (with about 5% penalty compared to native code) in a secure way, while also accelerating the evolution of client-side applications by giving a choice of the programming language used (besides <a href="JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>).<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a>

<a href="Id_Software" title="Id Software">Id Software</a>'s <a href="John_D._Carmack" class="mw-redirect" title="John D. Carmack">John D. Carmack</a> praised Native Client at <a href="QuakeCon" title="QuakeCon">QuakeCon</a> 2012, saying: "if you have to do something inside a browser, Native Client is much more interesting as something that started out as a really pretty darn clever x86 hack in the way that they could sandbox all of this in user mode interestingly. It's now dynamic recompilation, but something that you program in C or C++ and it compiles down to something that's going to be not your -O4 optimization level for completely native code but pretty damn close to native code. You could do all of your evil pointer chasings, and whatever you want to do as a to-the-metal game developer."<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Detractors">Detractors</h3></div>

Other IT professionals were more critical of this sandboxing technology as it had substantial or substantive interoperability issues.

<a href="Mozilla" title="Mozilla">Mozilla</a>'s vice president of products, Jay Sullivan, said that Mozilla has no plans to run native code inside the browser, as "These native apps are just little black boxes in a webpage. [...] We really believe in HTML, and this is where we want to focus."<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a>

Mozilla's <a href="Christopher_Blizzard" title="Christopher Blizzard">Christopher Blizzard</a> criticized NaCl, claiming that native code cannot evolve in the same way that the source code-driven web can. He also compared NaCl to Microsoft's <a href="ActiveX" title="ActiveX">ActiveX</a> technology, plagued with <a href="DLL_Hell" class="mw-redirect" title="DLL Hell">DLL Hell</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Register-2">[2]</a>

<a href="H%C3%A5kon_Wium_Lie" title="Håkon Wium Lie">Håkon Wium Lie</a>, Opera's CTO, believed that "NaCl seems to be 'yearning for the bad old days, before the web'", and that "Native Client is about building a new platform – or porting an old platform into the web [...] it will bring in complexity and security issues, and it will take away focus from the web platform."<a href="#cite_note-Register-2">[2]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_generation">Second generation</h2></div>

The second generation of <a href="Sandbox_(computer_security)" title="Sandbox (computer security)">sandboxing</a> developed in Google is <a href="GVisor" title="GVisor">gVisor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> It is intended to replace NaCl in <a href="Google_Cloud_Platform" title="Google Cloud Platform">Google Cloud</a>, to be more exact in <a href="Google_App_Engine" title="Google App Engine">Google App Engine</a>. Google has also been promoting <a href="WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a>.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a>

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<ul><li><a href="Application_virtualization" title="Application virtualization">Application virtualization</a></li>

<li><a href="Emscripten" title="Emscripten">Emscripten</a></li>

<li><a href="Sandboxie" title="Sandboxie">Sandboxie</a>, running Windows programs in a sandbox</li>

<li><a href="WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a>, a bytecode standard for web browsers</li>

<li><a href="XAML_Browser_Applications" title="XAML Browser Applications">XAML Browser Applications</a> (XBAP)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.chrome.com/docs/native-client/">Official website</a> </li>

<li><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bugs.chromium.org/p/nativeclient/issues/list">"Issues - nativeclient"</a>. bugs.chromium.org. Retrieved 2 July 2022.</cite></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5RFjOec-TI0">Google I/O 2013 - Introduction to Portable Native Client (PNaCl)</a> on <a href="YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2xV_0pTpNj0">Google I/O 2009 Native Code for Compute Intensive Web Apps</a> on <a href="YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a> – Technical talk at <a href="Google_I/O" title="Google I/O">Google I/O</a> 2009</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://code.google.com/p/naclports/wiki/PortList">A list of OSS projects ported to Native Client</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chromium.googlesource.com/native_client/src/native_client.git">Native Client source code in Git</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kangz.net/posts/2014/03/15/moving-the-server-side-gamelogic-to-pnacl/first=Corentin">Game engine-focused introduction to Native Client with a comparison between the Quake3 Virtual Machine and PNaCL</a> <cite id="CITEREFWallez2014" class="citation web cs1">Wallez, Corentin (15 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kangz.net/posts/2014/03/15/moving-the-server-side-gamelogic-to-pnacl/">"Moving the server-side gamelogic to PNaCl"</a>. Retrieved 3 December 2024.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Examples">Examples</h3></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://folding.stanford.edu/nacl/">Folding@home</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gonativeclient.appspot.com/demo">PNaCl examples</a> (runs in Chrome 31+, PNaCl, i.e. no installation needed)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.chrome.com/native-client/sdk/examples">Native Client SDK Gallery</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180627170813/http://www.torapp.info/">torapp.info</a>, vector editor, especially powerful for security printing (not PNaCl)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naclbox.com/">NACLBox</a>, a port of <a href="DOSBox" title="DOSBox">DOSBox</a> to Native Client (PNaCl)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/moehcjggbedbobepfihdamhnlneanioe">SodaSynth</a>, a synthesizer for Native Client (not PNaCl)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://luzbel.github.io/vigasocosdl-la-abadia-del-crimen.pruebas/">Abadía del crimen</a>, a port of the SDL version of Vigasoco (remake of <a href="La_Abad%C3%ADa_del_Crimen" title="La Abadía del Crimen">La Abadía del Crimen</a>) to Native Client (PNaCl)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://coldev.webs.com/">Bennugd</a>, a port of Bennugd Videogames examples to Native Client (PNaCl)</li></ul>

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</style><div id="Google_free_and_open-source_software55" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Google" title="Google">Google</a> free and open-source software</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chromium_(web_browser)" title="Chromium (web browser)">Chromium</a></li>

<li><a href="Gemini_(language_model)" title="Gemini (language model)">Gemma</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenRefine" title="OpenRefine">OpenRefine</a></li>

<li><a href="Tesseract_(software)" title="Tesseract (software)">Tesseract</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programming languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Carbon_(programming_language)" title="Carbon (programming language)">Carbon</a></li>

<li><a href="Sawzall_(programming_language)" title="Sawzall (programming language)">Sawzall</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frameworks and development tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Angular_(web_framework)" title="Angular (web framework)">Angular</a></li>

<li><a href="AngularJS" title="AngularJS">AngularJS</a></li>

<li><a href="Bazel_(software)" title="Bazel (software)">Bazel</a></li>

<li><a href="Blockly" title="Blockly">Blockly</a></li>

<li><a href="Brotli" title="Brotli">Brotli</a></li>

<li><a href="Google_Closure_Tools" title="Google Closure Tools">Closure Tools</a></li>

<li><a href="Cpplint" title="Cpplint">Cpplint</a></li>

<li><a href="FlatBuffers" title="FlatBuffers">FlatBuffers</a></li>

<li><a href="Flutter_(software)" title="Flutter (software)">Flutter</a></li>

<li><a href="Ganeti" title="Ganeti">Ganeti</a></li>

<li><a href="Gears_(software)" title="Gears (software)">Gears</a></li>

<li><a href="Gerrit_(software)" title="Gerrit (software)">Gerrit</a></li>

<li><a href="Google_Guava" title="Google Guava">Guava</a></li>

<li><a href="Guetzli" title="Guetzli">Guetzli</a></li>

<li><a href="Google_Guice" title="Google Guice">Guice</a></li>

<li><a href="GVisor" title="GVisor">gVisor</a></li>

<li><a href="Kubernetes" title="Kubernetes">Kubernetes</a></li>

<li><a href="LevelDB" title="LevelDB">LevelDB</a></li>

<li><a href="Libvpx" title="Libvpx">libvpx</a></li>

<li><a href="Lighthouse_(software)" title="Lighthouse (software)">Lighthouse</a></li>

<li><a href="Namebench" title="Namebench">Namebench</a></li>

<li><a href="Nomulus" title="Nomulus">Nomulus</a></li>

<li><a href="OR-Tools" title="OR-Tools">OR-Tools</a></li>

<li><a href="Polymer_(library)" title="Polymer (library)">Polymer</a></li>

<li><a href="Protocol_Buffers" title="Protocol Buffers">Protocol Buffers</a></li>

<li><a href="TensorFlow" title="TensorFlow">TensorFlow</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operating systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a></li>

<li><a href="ChromiumOS" title="ChromiumOS">ChromiumOS</a></li>

<li><a href="Fuchsia_(operating_system)" title="Fuchsia (operating system)">Fuchsia</a></li>

<li><a href="GLinux" title="GLinux">gLinux</a></li>

<li><a href="Goobuntu" title="Goobuntu">Goobuntu</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Google_LLC_v._Oracle_America%2C_Inc." title="Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc.">Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc.</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Source_Security_Foundation" title="Open Source Security Foundation">Open Source Security Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Google_Summer_of_Code" title="Google Summer of Code">Summer of Code</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Web_interfaces26" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Web_interfaces26" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Web_API" title="Web API">Web interfaces</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold"><div id="Server-side154"><a href="Server-side" class="mw-redirect" title="Server-side">Server-side</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Communication_protocol" title="Communication protocol">Protocols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="HTTPS" title="HTTPS">Encryption</a></li>

<li><a href="WebDAV" title="WebDAV">WebDAV</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="WebSocket" title="WebSocket">WebSocket</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Server_application_programming_interface" title="Server application programming interface">Server APIs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Netscape_Server_Application_Programming_Interface" title="Netscape Server Application Programming Interface">C NSAPI</a></li>

<li><a href="Apache_HTTP_Server#Feature_overview" title="Apache HTTP Server">C ASAPI</a></li>

<li><a href="Internet_Server_Application_Programming_Interface" title="Internet Server Application Programming Interface">C ISAPI</a></li>

<li><a href="Jakarta_Servlet" title="Jakarta Servlet">Jakarta Servlet</a>

<ul><li><a href="Web_container" title="Web container">container</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="HTTP_handler" title="HTTP handler">ASP.NET Handler</a></li>

<li><a href="Web_Server_Gateway_Interface" title="Web Server Gateway Interface">Python WSGI</a></li>

<li><a href="Asynchronous_Server_Gateway_Interface" title="Asynchronous Server Gateway Interface">Python ASGI</a></li>

<li><a href="JSGI" title="JSGI">JavaScript JSGI</a></li>

<li><a href="Java_Portlet_Specification" title="Java Portlet Specification">Portlet</a>

<ul><li><a href="Java_Portlet_Specification" title="Java Portlet Specification">container</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_Apache_modules" title="List of Apache modules">Apache modules</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Server_Side_Includes" title="Server Side Includes">mod_include</a></li>

<li><a href="Mod_parrot" class="mw-redirect" title="Mod parrot">mod_parrot</a></li>

<li><a href="Mod_proxy" title="Mod proxy">mod_proxy</a></li>

<li><a href="Mod_python" title="Mod python">mod_python</a></li>

<li><a href="Phusion_Passenger" title="Phusion Passenger">Phusion Passenger</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Web_service" title="Web service">Web service</a> vs. <a href="Web_resource" title="Web resource">Web resource</a></li>

<li><a href="Webhook" title="Webhook">Webhook</a></li>

<li><a href="Application_server" title="Application server">Application server</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_application_servers" title="List of application servers">comparison</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Server-side_scripting" title="Server-side scripting">Scripting</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold"><div id="Client-side89"><a href="Client-side" class="mw-redirect" title="Client-side">Client-side</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Plug-in_(computing)" title="Plug-in (computing)">Browser APIs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="NPAPI" title="NPAPI">C NPAPI</a>

<ul><li><a href="NPAPI#LiveConnect" title="NPAPI">LiveConnect</a></li>

<li><a href="NPAPI#XPConnect" title="NPAPI">XPConnect</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="NPAPI#NPRuntime" title="NPAPI">C NPRuntime</a></li>

<li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Pepper">C PPAPI</a>

<li><a href="ActiveX" title="ActiveX">ActiveX</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Web_API#Client_side" title="Web API">Web APIs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="HTML_audio" title="HTML audio">Audio</a></li>

<li><a href="Canvas_element" title="Canvas element">Canvas</a></li>

<li><a href="HTML_video" title="HTML video">Video</a></li>

<li><a href="WebSocket" title="WebSocket">WebSockets</a></li>

<li><a href="Web_Messaging" title="Web Messaging">Web messaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Web_storage" title="Web storage">Web storage</a></li>

<li><a href="Web_worker" title="Web worker">Web worker</a></li>

<li><a href="XMLHttpRequest" title="XMLHttpRequest">XMLHttpRequest</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="DOM_event" title="DOM event">DOM events</a></li>

<li><a href="W3C_Geolocation_API" title="W3C Geolocation API">Geolocation</a></li>

<li><a href="Indexed_Database_API" title="Indexed Database API">IndexedDB</a></li>

<li><a href="WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a></li>

<li><a href="WebAuthn" title="WebAuthn">WebAuthn</a></li>

<li><a href="WebGPU" title="WebGPU">WebGPU</a></li>

<li><a href="WebRTC" title="WebRTC">WebRTC</a></li>

<li><a href="WebXR" title="WebXR">WebXR</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Khronos_Group" title="Khronos Group">Khronos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="WebCL" title="WebCL">WebCL</a></li>

<li><a href="WebGL" title="WebGL">WebGL</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Gears_(software)" title="Gears (software)">Gears</a></li>

<li><a href="Web_SQL_Database" title="Web SQL Database">Web SQL Database</a> (formerly W3C)</li>

<li><a href="WebUSB" title="WebUSB">WebUSB</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ajax_(programming)" title="Ajax (programming)">Ajax</a> and <a href="Remote_scripting" title="Remote scripting">Remote scripting</a> vs. <a href="Dynamic_HTML" title="Dynamic HTML">DHTML</a></li>

<li><a href="Browser_extension" title="Browser extension">Browser extension</a></li>

<li><a href="Cross-site_scripting" title="Cross-site scripting">Cross-site scripting</a> and <a href="Cross-origin_resource_sharing" title="Cross-origin resource sharing">CORS</a></li>

<li><a href="Hydration_(web_development)" title="Hydration (web development)">Hydration</a></li>

<li><a href="Mashup_(web_application_hybrid)" title="Mashup (web application hybrid)">Mashup</a></li>

<li><a href="Client-side_persistent_data" title="Client-side persistent data">Persistent data</a></li>

<li><a href="Dynamic_web_page#Client-side_scripting" title="Dynamic web page">Scripting</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Frontend_and_backend" title="Frontend and backend">Frontend and backend</a></li>

<li><a href="Microservices" title="Microservices">Microservices</a>

<li><a href="GraphQL" title="GraphQL">GraphQL</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Push_technology" title="Push technology">Push technology</a></li>

<li><a href="Solution_stack" title="Solution stack">Solution stack</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Static_web_page" title="Static web page">Static</a></li>

<li><a href="Dynamic_web_page" title="Dynamic web page">Dynamic</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Web_standards" title="Web standards">Web standards</a></li>

<li><a href="Web_API_security" title="Web API security">Web API security</a></li>

<li><a href="Web_application" title="Web application">Web application</a>

<li><a href="Single-page_application" title="Single-page application">Single-page</a></li>

<li><a href="Progressive_web_app" title="Progressive web app">Progressive</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Web_framework" title="Web framework">Web framework</a></li></ul>

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